When Joseph Pilates developed his revolutionary exercise method in the early 20th century, he created more than just a fitness routine—he crafted a comprehensive system integrating physical movement with mental awareness. His six fundamental principles remain the cornerstone of authentic Pilates practice, transforming simple exercises into a powerful mind-body discipline that enhances daily life beyond the studio.

1. Centering/Stabilization: Your Powerhouse Foundation

Centering involves initiating all movement from your body’s center, which Joseph Pilates called the “Powerhouse.” The Powerhouse functions like the hub of a wheel, all movement radiates from this stable core of muscles—think shoulders to hips and pelvis—allowing your arms and legs to move freely while maintaining control through your center.

This isn’t about sucking in your stomach or holding your breath; it’s about creating a strong, flexible foundation. Centering also has a mental component. Focusing on your physical center, you develop mental centeredness and calm stability that help navigate life’s challenges with greater composure.

2. Concentration: The Mind-Body Connection

Concentration requires complete focus on every movement. Joseph Pilates believed physical health was impossible without mental engagement, requiring “complete concentration on the correct movements each second you are performing the exercises.”

Rather than letting your mind wander, you direct your attention to how your body feels, how your muscles work and the quality of each movement. This maximizes exercise effectiveness and builds awareness of subtle body responses—discovering patterns such as shoulder tension when tired or shallow breathing during challenging exercises. This awareness becomes the foundation for lasting change in movement patterns and overall well-being.

3. Control: Precision Over Power

Control distinguishes Pilates from other exercise forms. Instead of using momentum or forcing movements through strength, every action is deliberate and managed. Joseph Pilates originally called his method “Contrology,” emphasizing complete command over your body.

There are no sloppy movements in Pilates, whether lifting your leg an inch or flowing through complex sequences, every motion is intentional. Control applies to transitions between exercises too; pauses between movements are as important as the movements themselves. Learning to control how your body moves creates a seamless flow that makes Pilates appear effortless when performed correctly.

4. Flow: The Poetry of Movement

Flow transforms individual exercises into continuous, graceful sequences. Joseph Pilates designed exercises to flow naturally, creating “physical poetry.” Each movement has a beginning, middle and end that blend seamlessly together.

Good flow requires practice and patience. Initially, movements might feel choppy, but familiarity and improved control lead to the meditative quality of smooth, flowing motion. Flow includes practice rhythm—steady and sustainable pace maintaining concentration and control throughout sessions, creating mental calm many seek from exercise.

Flow extends to breathing, which should be continuous and coordinated with movements, never held but used fluidly to enhance and support motion.

5. Precision: Quality Over Quantity

Precision means performing each exercise exactly as intended, paying attention to alignment, timing and technique. Joseph Pilates emphasized that few exercises performed perfectly are better than many done without precision.

This challenges the “more is better” mentality. You might do only five repetitions, but each performed with such precision that it’s more effective than 20 sloppy repetitions. Precision requires patience and humility, working with simpler variations until perfect form is achieved builds solid foundations for advanced work.

Developing precision in Pilates often leads to greater attention to detail in other life areas and helps you approach tasks with more care and consideration.

6. Breathing: The Rhythm of Life

Breathing, woven throughout all other principles, was called by Joseph Pilates the “first act of life and the last act of death,” emphasizing its fundamental importance to health and vitality.

Pilates breathing is deep, rhythmic and coordinated with movement, typically inhaling to prepare and exhaling during effort phases, using breath to power exercises. This isn’t just about oxygen delivery; it’s using breath as a tool for concentration, control and flow.

Proper breathing activates your Powerhouse. Full exhalation naturally engages deep abdominal muscles, providing stability and strength for safe, effective movement. Many discover proper Pilates breathing helps manage daily stress and anxiety, creating calm, controlled patterns to draw upon when centering is needed.

Living the Principles

These six principles aren’t just exercise rules—they’re guidelines for mindful living. Understanding and applying centering, concentration, control, flow, precision and breathing improves not just physical fitness but develops a more conscious, intentional way of being in the world.

The beauty of Pilates lies in how these principles work together, each supporting and enhancing the others. Through continued practice, these principles become second nature, transforming not just how you move, but how you approach life itself.

Cooper Fitness Center offers private and small group Pilates. Visit the Pilates web page to learn more and schedule your session. Or contact Joyce Schaer, Mind/Body Director, at jschaer@cooperfitnesscenter.com or 972.560.6371.

Menopause can be a challenging time in a woman’s life. Hormonal changes during menopause can cause symptoms such as hot flashes, fatigue, mood swings and insomnia. These symptoms can leave women feeling anything but motivated to work out. The good news is a regular exercise routine can help alleviate these common symptoms.

Cooper Fitness Center Professional Fitness Trainers Angela Horner, MS, and Stephanie Hill give a word to women, encouraging them to overcome the obstacles of menopause with exercise.

Mindfulness in Menopause

“I always first encourage my clients to remember that while menopause is challenging, it is only temporary,” Horner says. “You will come out on the other side. That’s why the way you take care of yourself during this time in your life is very important.”

It can be difficult to stay motivated when you’re not feeling your best but staying fit and active remains vital. Due to the sharp decrease of estrogen during menopause, women are more prone to gaining weight as well as losing muscle and bone density. In addition, women can also become more susceptible to heart disease due to the loss of estrogen. “Many women experience sleep deprivation, mood swings and hot flashes, even when they’ve been working hard and using the right tools,” says Hill. “Keeping the body moving can help regulate body temperature and even curb other symptoms.”

The Impact of Cardiovascular Exercise

A balanced exercise program not only reduces the severity of menopausal symptoms but also prevents weight gain and bone density loss. The exercise recommendations during menopause actually do not differ any from any other time in life. “Regular cardiovascular exercise is highly recommended not only for heart health but bone density as well,” states Horner. Walking, jogging, tennis, dancing and cycling are ideal cardio options for women in this stage of life. Another advantage of these types of aerobic exercise is they provide enough impact to cause osteogenesis, or bone growth, while also maintaining joint health. Hill adds, “cardiovascular training can help boost your mood and mental clarity. Consistent movement can also help your sleep patterns.”

The Importance of Strength Training

Strength training is also beneficial for increasing and maintaining bone density and muscle mass for a healthy body mass index. “It’s a myth that a woman who lifts weights is going to get big and bulky,” Horner explains. “What’s important is that you challenge yourself with enough weight-bearing exercise to promote bone growth and keep you from losing muscle.”

A balanced strength training program should include all muscle groups and be performed at a metabolically-challenging intensity, which keeps your heart rate up for the duration of the workout, in order to elevate muscle and bone growth. Increasing muscular strength and flexibility during menopause and beyond helps increase functionality, improve balance and reduce the risk of bone fractures.

A great way to begin strength training is working your way up. Hill says three sets of 10-12 repetitions of each of the following exercises can help you get started.

• Squats
• Lunges
• Deadlifts
• Lateral pull downs
• Chest press
• Rows

Remember, the life stage of menopause and the challenges that come with its symptoms are only temporary. While it may be difficult to find the same motivation to exercise as you did before, by pushing through the symptoms you set yourself up to come out on the other side of menopause healthier.

Hill says, “if you are struggling with your form, motivation to exercise or determining a workout best for you, reach out to a fitness trainer. We are here to help you navigate life’s unexpected turns.” A professional fitness trainer can help build a workout program for your needs and goals based on your life stage and schedule.

Watch this Exercise Moves video with Angela Horner as she explains more ways to incorporate exercise to manage menopausal symptoms.

For more information about Cooper Fitness Center or to schedule a session with a professional fitness trainer, visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.

Exercising in the water is a great way to get a low-impact, full-body workout with high reward. Just because you’re not sweating doesn’t mean you’re not burning calories and building muscle. The water’s buoyancy provides support to the body by decreasing overall weight on the joints and also provides resistance to help with muscle development.

 “I recommend everyone who can, to participate in water workouts,” says Bobby Manning, Cooper Fitness Center Swim Pro. “From those just beginning an exercise routine to seasoned athletes, water workouts are an excellent way to add variety to your training that benefits your heart and muscles with little to no impact on your joints.”

Benefits of Water Workouts

Recovering from an injury or wanting a new way to exercise? Below are a few health and fitness benefits of water workouts from Manning.

1. Improves flexibility: In warm water you are able to relax your muscles, allowing you to stretch more.
2. Increase endurance: Swimming laps and cardio water workouts can help increase endurance and build lean body mass. Water workouts help increase your heart rate, improve your circulation and increase your lung capacity.
3. Burn calories: Swimming and water exercises are low-impact workouts yet help burn more calories than on land because of the water’s resistance.
4. A full-body workout: You are constantly moving your body while in the water by moving from one side of the pool to another, doing water exercises or even floating.
5. Relieve stress: Exercise is an effective stress reliever. Plus, being in the water is generally relaxing by nature. Immerse yourself in the exercise, focusing on the movements of the water as well as your breathing.

For those who may fear the water or are not comfortable in water, Manning says to take it slowly. Joining a water class or meeting with a swimming professional can help with those first steps in the water. A misconception exists that water exercises are underwater, but many pools used for water aerobics and lap swimming are no more than five feet, depths most adults can easily stand. Manning recommends beginners exercise in water that comes to their chest.

Types of Water Workouts

• Water Walking: Walking forward, sideways and backward is an ideal way to begin exercising in the water. With the resistance of water, you can work on your strength while getting comfortable moving in the water. For more of a challenge, try walking faster and farther distances. (Water shoes are recommended.)

• Treading Water: This technique involves you trying to hold up your head above the water while lifting your legs off the pool floor. While treading you can kick your feet, move your arms and gain better control of floating. This can also help beginners who are learning to keep themselves up on their own.

• Water Resistance Training: Using specialized dumbbells, you can incorporate upper body strength training exercises into your water workouts. The water dumbbells are lighter weight than a regular weight at the gym, but the water provides added resistance. You can use one or two dumbbells, depending on the movements you are doing.

• Lap Swimming: Swimming laps increases respiratory strength and helps control a person’s breathing rhythm in the water. Training can be be done multiple ways including using interval training, better your swim time or increase the distance.

• Using Parachutes & Bungee Cords: Want more advanced water exercise? Running and walking in water with an exercise parachute and bungee cords is a great way to use the resistance of the water. These devices can be attached to belts you wear around your waist.

• Water Aerobics: If exercising solo isn’t for you, joining a water aerobics class is an excellent option that provides community and accountability. These classes usually mix the different exercises listed above to help the participants gain a balanced workout. Read our Water Aerobics: How It Benefits You and What to Expect to learn more.

Manning shares how to execute some of these workouts in this Exercise Moves video.

For those who want more of a challenge, underwater workouts in deeper water are an option. Manning recommends meeting with a swim professional or a personal trainer experienced in water training to develop advanced workouts.

Water workouts are a easy way to change your fitness routine by gaining new skills, improving your health and having fun in the water.

Cooper Fitness Center’s swim lessons and triathlon training are open to the public. For members, Cooper also offers water classes April-October and a Masters swim program, and the pool is available for lap swimming.

For the group exercise schedule of more than 120 weekly classes—all included with membership—visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.

There are many reasons why someone starts a workout plan, maybe to lose weight or improve your overall health. Your workouts may be helping you reach your health and fitness goals, but are you achieving maximum results?

You may be missing essential movements that can help improve your over health and prevent injury—movements including cardio, strength and flexibility—excluding these can result in an unbalanced exercise program.

Chris Parker, Professional Fitness Trainer at Cooper Fitness Center, shares answers to commonly asked questions for a more complete workout.

Q: I’ve played tennis for three years and my workouts consist of agility and endurance. What exercises am I missing in my workouts to help improve my tennis performance?

A: Developing a stable and strong torso that generates powerful rotational movement is essential for optimal performance on the tennis court. Since most tennis shots have a rotational component, following proper exercise progressions of anti-rotational and rotational movements that use resistance cable/band and medicine balls can improve one’s ability to hit the ball with more power and precision. 

Read Useful Fitness Training Tips and Drills for All Tennis Players.

Q: I take a yoga class three times a week. What other activities or exercises can I do to better my cardio that compliments the strength and flexibility from my yoga classes?

A: Yoga is great for flexibility and balance, but if you want to improve your cardio, a spin class or an outdoor boot camp class would be a great addition to your routine. For those who are unsure what cardio they should do (due to musculoskeletal injury, movement deficiency, etc.) getting in touch with a cardiovascular professional like Jonny Wright could be the best option. Cardiovascular pros can guide you to find the best cardio workout that works for you and your lifestyle.

Read Cardiovascular Exercise: More than Running.

Q: I spend about eight hours a day working at my desk. I go for walks and try to get my daily steps in, but are there other movements I should be doing to improve my health and fitness?

A: Moving more—regardless of the type of activity—is beneficial to your health. Kenneth H. Cooper, MD, MPH, Founder and Chairman of Cooper Aerobics, recommends a collective 30 minutes of cardio exercise most days of the week. For someone who is generally sedentary, working on increasing your cardio and adding strength and flexibility should be your focus. While at your desk you can do exercises like standing up or stretching at least once every hour. I recommend meeting with a personal trainer who can help determine your exercise needs and suggest ways to fit in small workouts throughout the day.  

Q: I have arthritis and want more mobility in my joints. What are some of the best exercises for me that involve little to no weight?

A: I highly recommend water activities—swimming, water walking, taking water aerobics classes, etc. The water in the pool provides resistance and a strengthening component while also having a lower impact on your joints. Marching in place, kicks and squats are also beneficial exercises.

Read our Water Aerobics: How It Benefits You and What to Expect article.

Q: I’ve set a goal to complete a marathon by this time next year. I currently walk in my neighborhood about a mile a day. How should I continue my training to accomplish my goal?

A: Take it one day at a time! On a regular mile walk, jog for 1/10 of it and see how it makes you feel. Rest your body and try again, increasing the jogging to 2/10 of the mile. Start jogging slowly every week and you will slowly progress to the 26 miles needed for the marathon. Low-impact strength training and cross-training are also important for marathon training and should be included at least twice a week.

For additional training advice, read Marathon Training Tips for Beginners.

Advice for All

The first step of creating a fitness plan is making sure it is customized for your lifestyle. “Your fitness plan should be based on your preferences,” says Parker. “Choosing exercises you enjoy doing will help you stay consistent during your fitness journey.”

For more information about professional fitness training at Cooper Fitness Center or to schedule a session with a trainer, visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.

Running is typically the first thing people think of when talking about cardio exercise but many other forms can elevate your heart rate and get your blood pumping. Cooper Fitness Center Professional Fitness Trainers Stephanie Hill and Jonny Wright share a variety of cardiovascular exercise and training plans to consider when adding cardio to your routine. 

Why is Cardiovascular Training Important?

Your cardiovascular system is comprised of the heart, blood vessels and blood and supplies your body’s organs with the oxygen and nutrients they need to function properly. “When performing cardio, your heart and lungs work together to bring oxygen into the body and deliver it to the muscles being used,” says Hill. Wright also explains that cardio workouts assist the body in blood circulation by carrying immune cells that aid in fighting infection in the body and removes waste products. Additional health benefits of regular cardiovascular exercise include:

1. Improves Heart Health
   
   
   • Strengthens your heart muscle so it can pump blood more efficiently
   • Lowers resting heart rate—your heart doesn’t have to work as hard at rest
   • Reduces blood pressure over time
   • Helps improve blood circulation
     
     
2. Boosts Lung Capacity
   
   
   • Increases your lungs’ ability to take in and use oxygen
   • More efficient breathing and feeling less winded during physical activity
     
     
3. Enhances Brain Function
   
   
   • Improves memory, focus and mood due to increased blood flow to the brain
   • Can reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression thanks to endorphins (“feel good” chemicals)
     
     
4. Helps with Weight Management
   
   
   • Cardio burns calories during and even after your workout
   • It supports fat loss when combined with proper nutrition
     
     
5. Increases Endurance and Stamina
   
   
   • Helps you perform daily tasks (such as climbing stairs or carrying groceries) with less effort
   • Body fatigues less quickly during physical activity
     
     
6. Improves Sleep Quality
   
   
   • Helps you fall asleep faster and sleep more deeply
     
     
7. Reduces Risk of Chronic Diseases
   
   
   • Lowers risk of:
     • Heart disease
     • Stroke
     • Type 2 diabetes
     • Certain cancers
     • High cholesterol
       
       
8. Supports Joint and Bone Health
   
   
   • Low-impact cardio, such as walking or swimming, keeps joints moving without too much strain
   • Some forms of cardio (such as running or jumping rope) can increase bone density
     
     

Additionally, cardio can speed up your metabolism, helping your body process food and energy more efficiently. “Adding cardiovascular training to your regular exercise also reduces the risk of chronic diseases like heart disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, while enhancing mood and mental health through the release of endorphins,” says Wright. It can provide enormous health benefits, but many people don’t know where to begin. 

Get Your Body Moving 

“The most important thing is to just get your body moving,” says Hill. Many people think of running when the word cardio comes up but there are many other avenues to explore! “There are so many types of cardio that my clients often don’t think about,” says Hill. “Some of the different cardio options I like to recommend are walking, swimming, cycling, using the elliptical and even the rowing machine.” 

So, once you start adding cardiovascular exercise into your routine, how can you keep it interesting? Hill provides four forms of training to try. 

• Continuous training: Continuous cardiovascular training is performed at a steady state for 15-45 minutes at a time. Continuous cardiovascular training is beneficial for anyone, improving overall heart health and conditioning of the body. 

• Varied training: Varied cardiovascular training includes performing diverse types of activities in the same training session. For this training plan, you may jog for 10 minutes, cycle for 10 minutes and then get on the elliptical for 10 minutes. This type of training can be helpful by exposing your body to different motions within the same cardio workout as well as keeping it interesting for your mind. 

• Time training: Time training is a great way to start implementing cardiovascular exercises into your normal training routine. Hill recommends starting with a 30-second jog, walking for two minutes and then repeating until you reach a total of 15-20 minutes. As you progress, you can increase your jogging time and decrease your walking time. Training for time instead of distance is ideal for improving endurance and preventing injury when first adding cardio to your routine. 

• Intensity training: The goal of intensity training is to achieve your maximum heart rate. This can be done with high-intensity interval training (HIIT) when you are exerting maximal effort with minimal recovery between exercises. Intensity training increases cardiac volume and is especially beneficial for post-menopausal women trying to burn fat and lose weight. Intensity training also includes using the heart rate training zones, which correspond to different levels of exercise intensity.
  • Zone 1: Very Light (50–60% of maximum heart rate)
  • Zone 2: Light (60–70% of maximum heart rate)
  • Zone 3: Moderate (70–80% of maximum heart rate)
  • Zone 4: Hard (80–90% of maximum heart rate)
  • Zone 5: Maximum (90–100% of maximum heart rate)

To learn more about the zones and heart rate training, read Pump Up Your Workout with Heart Rate Tracking.

The above training plans can be used for all forms of cardio—not just running or walking. “Walking is a great place to start—it gets your body moving—but it isn’t the end-all be-all,” says Hill. Try a new form of cardio the next time you exercise; you may just find something new you enjoy.

For more information about cardiovascular training, watch the Exercise Move.

Recommended Amount of Cardiovascular Exercise 

So how much cardio—or aerobic activity—should you be including into your exercise routine? Kenneth H. Cooper, MD, MPH, Cooper Aerobics Founder and Chairman, recommends getting at least 30 minutes of collective or sustained aerobic activity most days per week in addition to at least two days of strength training per week. As we age the aerobic-strength training ratios change, too:  

• Ages 40 and younger: 80% aerobic exercise; 20% strength training 
• Ages 41-50: 70% aerobic exercise; 30% strength training 
• Ages 51-60: 60% aerobic exercise; 40% strength training  
• Ages 61+: 55% aerobic exercise; 45% strength training 

Whether you’re new to cardiovascular training or a seasoned pro, adding some form of cardio to your exercise regimen will help improve your heart and lung health as well as help you live a better quality and quantity of life. A professional fitness trainer can help you implement cardio into your routine and discover a new form of training you can truly enjoy. 

For more information on personal training or to schedule a session with a professional fitness trainer, visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832. 

Looking to tone and shape your hips and glutes? The muscles in the glutes provide much more than an aesthetic benefit. They are used when you stand up, walk, sit down and lie down so it is critical you strengthen these muscles for daily living activities. Robert Treece, Professional Fitness Trainer at Cooper Fitness Center, says, “not only are glutes used all day, but they are the gateway of the spine and lower legs.” The glute muscles are one of the largest muscle groups in the body and are responsible for multiple jobs, such as:

• Shock absorption
• Declaration of falling forward
• Propulsion
• Rotation
• Locally flexing and extending the leg
• Internally and externally rotating the leg

How do weak glute muscles affect your body? Treece explains, “the glutes tie into the low back and can affect motion in the upper and lower body. Weak glutes can also affect the way you walk and can cause problems with your overall balance.” Additional signs of weak glute muscles are:

• Muscle tightness in the lower back
• Problems balancing while walking and standing
• Poor posture
• Swaying side to side while walking or running

Glute Muscle Group

“Most people don’t realize there are three sets of glute muscles,” says Treece. Each has unique movements, but the muscles work synergistically together:

• Gluteus minimus: The smallest and deepest of the three muscles, it’s responsible for rotating the thigh from the hip joint and helps stabilize the pelvis.

• Gluteus medius: This muscle lays on top of the gluteus minimus and is primarily responsible for moving the hip joint away from the body.

• Gluteus maximus: The biggest of the three muscles, its function is to extend and rotate the thigh from the hip joint. This muscle is also the biggest muscle in the body.

Together these muscles help stabilize the upper body, pelvis and hips and are essential to movements such as walking, standing up and squatting.

Glute Exercises

Treece says glute exercises can be included in a full-body workout or added to a leg day routine. Some examples of exercises that can be performed at home, the gym or wherever you’re working out—and with or without equipment—include:

• Hip thrusts
• Sit to stand
• Squats
• Lunges
• Step ups

“In the gym you can focus on training the glutes by holding a lunge or squat position while performing a cable row. The lower you position the pulley the more glute and lower body muscles will be used in the exercise,” says Treece. In addition, if you’re in a lunge position and pull the cable across your body at an angle, the rotational stress incorporates more glute and lower body muscles.

If you add glute exercises into your fitness routine, allow 24-48 hours of active recovery between strength sessions; your fitness level will determine how you should load these exercises (body weight only or using weight equipment such as dumbbells, barbells, sandbells, etc.).

Learn additional ways to strengthen your glute muscles from James Silvester, Professional Fitness Trainer at Cooper Fitness Center. In this Exercise Moves video, he demonstrates four glute exercises.

For more information about professional fitness training at Cooper Fitness Center or to schedule a session with a trainer, visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.

Electrical Myostimulation, or Electrical Muscle Stimulation, is a state-of-the-art technology that uses electrical impulses to stimulate the contraction of your muscles. It is a time-efficient, 20-minute workout where electrodes are strategically placed within a training suit over all major muscle groups. The external stimulation, coupled with simple voluntary movements and resistance exercises, causes intensified muscle contractions.

An EMS session can benefit those who are recovering from a recent injury or an athlete wanting to boost their strength and endurance. The sessions can accelerate results, with some EMS studios claiming their 20-minute workouts equate to multiple hours in a typical gym. Could EMS be a beneficial addition to your fitness regimen?

The short answer is yes.

According to Mary Edwards, MS, Fitness Director at Cooper Fitness Center, “these claims are valid. In an EMS training session, 20-24 major muscle groups are stimulated during a 20-minute session. This training results in a much greater impact on metabolism and the central nervous system than a regular workout.”

Edwards says EMS can help engage muscle “beyond human capacity and motivation because it stimulates both fast- and slow-twitch muscles simultaneously.”

Some benefits of EMS include:

• Improves muscle tone and strength
• Assists in preventing osteoporosis
• Decreases back pain through strengthening your core
• Joint-friendly
• Beginner-friendly

A study published in the Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies found EMS training “to be more effective on inactive patients with advanced diseases.” The study concluded that EMS “can improve endurance performance with an addition of regular exercise.”

Some risk factors may cause complications with EMS training. Individuals with certain health risks should not participate. Below are a few examples:

• Skin wounds and eczema
• Have had surgery in the last six to eight weeks
• Have a bleeding disorder such as hemophilia
• Have acute arthritis
• Have neurological diseases and epilepsy

Edwards says EMS should not be used as a replacement for regular exercise. She recommends two 20-minute EMS sessions per week with 48 hours of rest in between. It is acceptable and encouraged to engage in low- to moderate-intensity cardio on the days between EMS sessions including rest days as needed. “Because of the high overall load on muscles and the central nervous system, it is not recommended to engage in high-intensity exercise on days between EMS training sessions,” says Edwards.

Edwards shares the following examples of exercises focused on muscle development and endurance that can be performed during an EMS session.

Muscle Development: Strength

1. V-squat: Allows you to focus on muscle engagement without overstressing your lower back and targets:
   • Hamstrings
   • Quads
   • Glutes

2. Chest press: Responsible for explosiveness, power and strength by targeting the:
   • Chest
   • Shoulders
   • Triceps

3. Rotating lunge: A multi-directional movement which enhances stability, coordination and balance and targets:
   • Hamstrings
   • Glutes
   • Core
   • Quads

4. Lat pulldown: Great for breaking through plateaus while targeting the back and reducing stress on the shoulders, elbows and wrists; targets:
   • Latissimus dorsi
   • Traps
   • Rear delts

Endurance

1. Mountain climbers: Effective for core strength and stability, leading to better posture, balance and spinal support by targeting:
   • Hip flexors
   • Quads
   • Hamstrings
   • Glutes
   • Core

2. Planks: With EMS a plank can be more effective for core strengthening, targeting:
   • Hamstrings
   • Quads
   • Glutes
   • Hip flexors
   • Core

3. High knees: An excellent way to burn calories and improve stamina; targets:
   • Hamstrings
   • Quads
   • Glutes
   • Hip flexors

The duration and amount of the exercises vary based on the customization for the client.

For more examples of EMS exercises, watch this Exercise Moves video.

EMS can be a joint-friendly, beginner-friendly way to build muscle, which in turn boosts metabolism and burns calories. To create a complete wellness plan to complement EMS training, consider connecting with a Cooper Clinic registered dietitian nutritionist to help you refine your nutrition to support your fitness goals.

Cooper Fitness Center’s XBODY EMS training is available to members and the general public. Customized to your health and fitness goals, one-on-one sessions are offered with a professional fitness trainer. To learn more, visit our EMS web page.

Arthritis pain is one of the most common reasons people limit physical activity. Ironically, moderate physical activity can help reduce the pain and stiffness associated with arthritis. Appropriate exercises can:

• Increase flexibility and mobility of arthritic joints
• Help maintain body weight
• Build muscle
• Increase endurance
• Improve health overall

Arthritis refers to a rheumatic disease causing pain, stiffness and swelling in joints and other connective tissues. With more than 100 types of arthritis, the most common types are osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. The knee, hip and spine are the most common areas affected by arthritis.

If you have arthritis, before beginning an exercise program, consult your physician about which activities should be avoided. David H. Williams, Professional Fitness Trainer at Cooper Fitness Center, recommends the following exercises to help reduce arthritis pain.

• Range-of-Motion Exercises – Gentle exercises performed daily to maintain or improve range of motion around an arthritic joint. If you have access to a pool and/or water aerobics classes, exercising  in water takes the pressure off your joints due to the water’s buoyancy. Williams says, “it’s important that the affected joint(s) are fully submerged in the water.  There can be more benefit if the water is heated as this can also help alleviate pain.”

• Strengthening Exercises – Resistance training can help maintain or increase muscle strength to help support and protect joints affected by arthritis.

• Aerobic/Endurance Exercises – Aerobic exercises improve heart, lung and muscle function. Remember to consult your physician or professional fitness trainer on the best type of aerobic activity for your type of arthritis.

Watch this Exercise Move video  for examples of range-of-motion and strength exercises that may be beneficial to you.

After consulting with your physician, meet with a professional fitness trainer to review proper exercises and techniques. Prior to your planned workout, be sure to stretch or warm up with range-of-motion exercises. Remember, you may always modify any planned exercise to your comfort level.

Typically, you’ll know you’ve overdone it in your workout if your pain lasts longer than one hour or you experience unusual fatigue, increased weakness, decreased range of motion or increased joint swelling. If your joints become painful and inflamed during exercise, rest and let your physician or professional fitness trainer know immediately. Williams shares, “you should not underestimate the value of rest. For example, if you use free weights or machines to train your legs, allow at least one full day off of exercising those muscles the same way so they can fully recover.”

Most importantly, find something you enjoy and stick with it. Exercise, along with a comprehensive arthritis treatment plan, can help decrease pain, increase quality of life and improve your mood and outlook on life. Take slow steps for better health and enjoy!

For more information about professional fitness training at Cooper Fitness Center or to schedule a session with a trainer, visit cooperfintesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.

Creating a fitness plan is essential to establishing and accomplishing your goals. But designing a balanced plan that involves all muscles in the body is essential to reaching your ultimate fitness goal. Chris Parker, MS, Professional Fitness Trainer at Cooper Fitness Center, says “working certain body parts more than others creates an imbalance throughout the body. Creating a proper plan is key to ensuring you are getting the most out of your workout.” For example, Parker shares that weightlifters who focus on the development of their upper muscle groups can, over time, cause poor posture evident by a forward rolling of the shoulders. “This poor posture can cause pain or injury in the shoulder joint due to muscle imbalances between the anterior and posterior muscles associated with the shoulder. It also leads to a decrease in lifting performance as both shortened anterior muscles and lengthened posterior muscles become weaker and less efficient at completing their job.”

To avoid an imbalanced workout, Parker explains the top five movement types that should be included in your new or existing fitness plan.

1. Lower Body Push: This lower body movement type is meant to “push” an object away from you. This push is done using primarily quadriceps as well as your glutes depending on the exercise. Examples of lower body push exercises are:
   • Squats
   • Lunges
   • Machine Knee Extensions
     
     
2. Lower Body Pulls: This movement is performed by using the lower posterior muscles: glutes and hamstrings. Instead of pushing an object away, you pull the object toward your body. Examples of lower body pulls are:
   • Romanian Deadlifts
   • Slide board Hamstring Curl
   • Machine Leg Curls
     
     
3. Upper Body Push: This movement requires the use of your chest, shoulders and triceps. Examples of upper body push exercises are:
   • Bench Press
   • Push-ups
   • Dumbbell Press
     
     
4. Upper Body Pulls: This movement type targets your back muscles including your lats, rhomboids and traps. This movement also incorporates your biceps.
   • Pull-ups
   • Seated Row
   • Lat Pulldown
     
     
5. Core Workouts: Your core consists of your lower back, hips and stomach. Examples of core exercises are:
   • Cable Chops
   • Side Planks
   • Stability Ball Crunches
     
     

Parker recommends two to three sets of 8-15 reps for each movement type for a typical strength training program. “Based on your weekly fitness plan, these movements can be spread throughout your week,” says Parker. Below are two examples of incorporating all five movements into your week.

1. Complete full-body workouts consisting of each movement type can be done twice a week, preferably with 2-3 days of rest in between.
   
   
2. Completing 1-2 movements per day six days per week is a helpful way to increase the volume for each movement type in your weekly routine. For example, you may pair both upper body movement types two days per week, pair both lower body movement types two days per week and complete a variety of core exercises two days per week.
   
   

These five movements allow for a variety of different exercises, so changing up your fitness routine with these new movement types may be what you need to reach your goals. Parker says “when you’re trying a new exercise, it can feel uncomfortable and awkward, but that’s normal. Taking the time to practice and feel comfortable with new exercises will result in a more balanced body.”

For more information about creating a balanced fitness plan with a Cooper Fitness Center’s Professional Fitness Trainer, visit cooperfitnesscenter.com or call 972.233.4832.